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ac6 >> ac6-training >> Processors >> NXP ARM SoCs >> LS1021A QorIQ implementation Download Catalog Download as PDF Write us Printable version

FQ1 LS1021A QorIQ implementation

This course covers the LayerScape LS1021A SoC

formateur
OBJECTIVES
  • The course clarifies the architecture of the LS1021A, particularly the tuning of the interconnect.
  • Cache coherency protocol is introduced in increasing depth.
  • Only an overview of the ARM Cortex-A7 is provided, since this CPU is entirely covered by a separate course.
  • The boot sequence and the clocking are explained.
  • The course focuses on the hardware implementation of the LS1021A.
  • A long introduction to DDR4 SDRAM operation is done before studying the DDR3L/DDR4 SDRAM controller.
  • An in-depth description of the PCI-Express port is done.
  • The course highlights both hardware and software implementation of gigabit / fast / Ethernet controllers .
  • Communication interfaces are explained including QuiccEngine.

  • This course is only delivered on site and therefore its contents can be adapted to specific customer needs from the outlines described hereafter.
A more detailed course description is available on request at training@ac6-training.com
PREREQUISITES AND RELATED COURSES

INTRODUCTION TO LS1021A
BLOCK DIAGRAM
  • SoC architecture
  • Fixed memory map
  • Local vs external address spaces, inbound and outbound address decoding
INTERCONNECT
  • CCI-400, Cache Coherent switch fabric
  • AMBA 4 snoop request transport
  • Snoop connectivity and control
  • Ensuring data coherency of I/O streams through ACE-Lite ports
  • System MMU
  • Programming the TrustZone firewall
  • OCRAM controller
  • QoS tuning
THE CORTEX-A7 CPUs
OVERVIEW OF CORTEX-A7
  • Cortex-A7 architecture
  • 64-Byte cacheline size, integrated L2 cache
  • VFPv4 and SIMDv2
  • Instruction pipeline
TRUSTZONE
  • TrustZone conceptual view
  • Secure to non secure permitted transitions
  • L1 and L2 secure state indicators, memory partitioning
  • System security, Central Security Unit
  • Secure Non Volatile Storage
EXCEPTION MECHANISM
  • V7-A exception mechanism
  • GICv2
LARGE PHYSICAL ADDRESS EXTENSIONS SPECIFICATION (LPAE)
  • Need to introduce support for a second stage of translation as part of the Virtualization Extensions
  • New 3-level system
  • Hypervisor-level address translation
  • Level-1 table descriptor format
  • Level-2 table descriptor format
  • Attribute and Permission fields in the translation tables
  • Complete set of cache allocation hints
  • Handling of the ASID in the LPAE
LEVEL ONE SUBSYSTEM
  • Cache organization, 2-way instruction cache, 4-way data cache
  • Pseudo random replacement algorithm
  • Speculative accesses
  • Hit Under Miss, Miss under Miss
  • Detailing cache maintenance operations
LEVEL TWO SUBSYSTEM
  • L2 Cache
  • Read allocate mode
  • ACE master interface
  • By means of sequences involving a multi-core Cortex-A7 and external masters, understanding how snoop requests can be used to maintain coherency of data between caches and memory
INFRASTRUCTURE
RESET, CLOCKING AND INITIALIZATION
  • Clock subsystem block diagram
  • Reference clock for SerDes protocols
  • Voltage configuration selection
  • Power-on reset sequence, detailing Reset Configuration Words
  • Power-on reset configuration
  • Pre-Boot Loader, required format of data structure consumed by PBL
  • Boot from parallel flash: NOR and NAND
  • Boot from serial flash: eSDHC and QuadSPI
  • Watchdog timer
SECURE BOOT AND TRUST ARCHITECTURE
  • Objectives of trust architecture
  • Internal boot ROM, secure boot sequence
  • Security fuse processor
  • Code signing
  • External tamper detection
  • Run time integrity checker
  • Key revocation
RUN CONTROL AND POWER MANAGEMENT
  • Software-controlled power management states
  • Core power management, doze and nap states
  • Device power management, sleep and deep-sleep states
  • Wake-up sources
SERDES MODULE
  • Interfaces from 1.25 to 6 Gbps
  • External Signals Description
  • SerDes Lane Assignments and Multiplexing
  • SerDes clocking
DDR3L/DDR4 SDRAM MEMORY CONTROLLER
  • DDR3L and DDR4 Jedec specification
  • DDR4 new features: Pseudo Open Drain termination, bank groups
  • Calibration mechanism
  • Command truth table
  • Hardware interface
  • Bank activation, read, write and precharge timing diagrams, page mode
  • ECC error correction
  • Freescale DDR 3/4 controller
  • Initial configuration following Power-on-Reset
INTEGRATED FLASH CONTROLLER
  • Functional muxing of pins between NAND, NOR, and GPCM
  • Normal GPCM FSM
  • Flexible timing control
  • NOR flash FSM
  • Generic ASIC FSM
  • NAND flash FSM
  • ONFI-2.2 asynchronous interface
  • ECC generation/checking
  • SLC and MLC Flash devices support with configurable page sizes
  • Internal SRAM of 9 KByte
PCI EXPRESS INTERFACE
  • 4-lane PCI Express interface
  • Modes of operation, Root Complex / Endpoint
  • Transaction ordering rules
  • Programming inbound and outbound ATMUs
  • MSI management
  • Configuration, initialization
QUAD SPI
  • External signal description
  • Interface to one single or two external serial flash devices
  • Programmable sequence engine
  • AHB buffers, Look Up Table
  • Memory mapped read access to connected flash devices
  • Flash programming
INTEGRATED CONTROLLERS
  • eDMA
  • qDMA
SATA3 CONTROLLER
  • SATA basics
  • Electrical specification
  • AHCI command layerStandard ATA master-only emulation
  • Command list structure
  • Interrupt coalescing
  • FIS-based switching
SECURITY ENGINE
  • Introduction to DES, 3DES and AES algorithms
  • Job descriptor parsing
  • Sharing descriptors
  • Data movement, FIFOs
  • Scatter / gather DMA
  • Selecting the authentication / cryptographic algorithm
  • Export and Import of cryptographic Blobs
  • Public Key Hardware Accelerator (PKHA)
  • SNOW 3G Accelerator
  • Data Encryption Standard Accelerator (DES)
  • Cyclic Redundancy Check Accelerator (CRCA)
  • Message Digest Hardware Accelerator (MDHA)
  • Elliptic Curve Cryptographic Functions
INPUTS/OUTPUTS
COMMUNICATION INTERFACES
  • Ethernet Controllers
    • 802.3 specification fundamentals
    • Address recognition, pattern matching
    • Physical interfaces
    • Layer 2 acceleration accept or reject on address or pattern match
    • Management of VLAN tags and priority, VLAN insertion and deletion
    • Quality of service, managing several transmit and receive queues
    • TCP/IP offload engine, filer programming
    • IEEE1588 compliant time-stamping
    • Interrupt coalescing
  • UARTs
  • I2C
  • SPI
  • FlexCAN controllers
ENHANCED SECURE DEVICE HOST CONTROLLER
  • Introduction to MMC and SD card
  • Storing and executing commands targeting the external card
  • Multi-block transfers
  • Read transfer sequence
  • Write transfer sequence
USB CONTROLLERS
  • USB 2.0 controller
  • USB 3.0 controller
MULTIMEDIA INTERFACES
  • Display interface unit
  • SSI interfaces
  • Asynchronous Sample Rate Converter
  • SPDIF receiver / transmitter
FLEXTIMER MODULE
  • 16-bit timer modes, up-counter, down-counter,
  • Input capture
  • Output compare
  • PWM
QUICC ENGINE
OVERVIEW OF QUICC ENGINE
  • Communication between Host ARM CPU and QE RISC CPU, utilization of Command Register
  • Mapping of integrated resources
INTEGRATED INTERRUPT CONTROLLER
  • Priority management, understanding the priority table
  • Managing the priority within priority groups and between priority groups
  • Steering the interrupt source to either Low priority or High priority input of the platform PIC
SYSTEM INTERFACE AND CONNECTION TO EXTERNAL COMMUNICATION PORTS
  • Serial DMA
  • NMSI vs TDM
  • Enabling connections to TSA or NMSI
  • CMX registers
BUFFER MANAGEMENT
  • Utilization of Buffer Descriptors
  • Chaining descriptors into rings
  • Interrupt management
UNIFIED COMMUNICATION CONTROLLERS
  • Handling UCC interrupts
  • Initialization sequence
  • Defining Tx- and Rx-FIFO thresholds
UCC HDLC CONTROLLER
  • HDLC frame description
  • Flow control
  • Host commands
UCC TRANSPARENT CONTROLLER
  • Transparent data encapsulation, frame sync and frame CRC
  • Flow control
  • Host commands
SERIAL INTERFACE
  • Connecting TDM lines
  • Parameterizing the timings related to Rx/Tx clock, sync and data signals
MULTI-CHANNEL CONTROLLER ON UCC - UMCC
  • Clarifying the various tables that must be implemented in MURAM
  • Connecting time-slots to logical channels through Rx/Tx routing tables
  • Implementing Rx/Tx channel buffers
  • Interrupt management, benefits of interrupt queues
  • Modes of operation, transparent, HDLC