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FIRST DAY
Linux overview
- Linux
- History
- Version management
- Linux architecture and modularity
- Linux system components
- The various licenses used by Linux (GPL, LGPL, etc)
Cross compiling toolchains
- Pre-compiled toolchains
- Toolchain generation tools
- Manual toolchain compilation
| Exercise: |
Creating a toolchain with Crosstool-ng |
Linux tools for embedded systems
- Bootloaders (UBoot, Redboot, barebox)
- C libraries (glibc, eglibc, uClibc)
- Embedded GUIs
- Busybox
- Embedded distributions
The U-Boot boot loader
- Introduction to U-Boot
- Booting the board through U-Boot
- Booting from NOR
- Booting from NAND
- Booting from eMMC
- U-Boot environment variables
- User-defined variables
- Predefined variables
- Variables substitution
- The U-Boot minimal shell
- Writing scripts in variables
- Executing scripts
- Using variables in scripts: the set-script pattern
- U-Boot main commands
- Booting an OS
- Accessing flash chips
- Accessing file systems (NFS, FAT, EXTx, JFFS2…)
- The full U-Boot shell
- Script structure
- Control flow instructions (if, for…)
| Exercise: |
Booting the board on NFS, using pre-existing images |
SECOND DAY
Creating the embedded Linux kernel
- Downloading stable source code
- Getting a tarball
- Using GIT
- Configuring the kernel
- Compiling the kernel and its modules
- Modules delivered in-tree
- Out-of-tree modules
- Installing the kernel and the modules
| Exercise: |
Configuring and compiling a target kernel for the target board |
The Linux BSP
- Linux BSP architecture
- Overall structure
- The ARM BSP
- The Linux build system
- Linux device drivers
- Defining and initializing the board
- Plug and Play buses
- Using the Flattened Device Tree
| Exercise: |
Create a minimal BSP for the target board, editing the device tree. |
Creating a root file system
- Packages
- Various package build systems (autotools, CMake, …)
- Cross-compiling a package
- The all-in-one applications
- Busybox, the basic utilities
- Dropbear: encrypted communications (ssh)
- Manually building your root file system
- Device nodes, programs and libraries
- Configuration files (network, udev, …)
- Installing modules
- Looking for and installing the needed libraries
- Testing file system consistency and completeness
| Exercise: |
Configuring and compiling Busybox and Dropbear |
| Exercise: |
Creating a minimal root file system using busybox and dropbear |
The Linux Boot
- Linux kernel parameters
- The Linux startup sequence
- Various initialization systems
- busybox init
- system V init
- systemd
- Automatically starting an embedded system
| Exercise: |
Boot Linux automatically starting a user application |
THIRD DAY
Embedded file systems
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- Flash memories and Linux MTDs
- NOR flashes
- NAND flashes
- ONENAND flashes
- The various flash file system formats
- Read-only file system
- Standard Linux file systems
- Ramdisks and initrd
- Creating an initramfs
- Booting through an initramfs
- Choosing the right file system formats
- Flashing the file system
| Exercise: |
Building an initrd root file system |
Buildroot
- Operation
- Toolchain configuration
- Package selection
- System configuration (serial port, filling /dev, …)
- Kernel and bootloader configuration
- Building File system image
- Customization
- Using a pre-built toolchain
- Adding a patch to an existing package
- Adding a new package
- Using a custom rootfs skeleton
| Exercise: |
Building a root file system using Buildroot |
| Exercise: |
Add a package to the root file system using Buidroot |
FOURTH DAY
Introduction to Yocto
- Overview of Yocto
- History
- Yocto, Open Embedded and Poky
- Purpose of the Yocto project
- The main projects
- Yocto architecture
- Overview
- Recipes and classes
- Tasks
| Exercise: |
Building a root file system using Yocto |
The Yocto build system
- Build system objectives
- Building deployable images
| Exercise: |
Building a root file system using Yocto |
- Layers and layer priorities
- Directory layout
- Configuration files (local, machine and distribution)
- The bitbake tool
- Using Yocto
- Building a package
- Building an image (root file system + u-boot + kernel)
| Exercise: |
Use bitbake commands to build package & images |
Yocto package recipes structure
- Recipe architecture
- Tasks
- Task dependencies
- Recipe dependencies
- The bitbake language
- Standard variables and functions
- Classes and recipes
- The base Yocto classes
- Main bitbake commands
- Adding a new layer
- Layer structure
- Various kinds of layers
| Exercise: |
Adding a new layer |
| Exercise: |
Adding a new recipe |
ANNEXES
Real-time Linux
- real-time solutions for Linux
- xenomai architecture
- co-kernel
- skins
- RTDM drivers
- install
- installing xenomai
- cross-compiling a xenomai application
| Exercise: |
installing Xenomai 3.x |
| Exercise: |
measuring latencies |
| Exercise: |
cross-compiling a xenomai application |
The U-Boot BSP
- Building and installing U-Boot
- Porting U-Boot
- U-Boot source structure
- Adding a new board to U-Boot sources
- U-Boot drivers (RS232, network, flash, SD/MMC)
- U-Boot startup and board initialization
| Exercise: |
Creating a board support package in U-Boot and setup of initialization code |
| Exercise: |
Looking at a first-load program |
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