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ac6 >> ac6-training >> Programming >> Real-Time >> Multi-Core Programming with OSEK/VDX and AutoSAR Download Catalog Download as PDF Write us Printable version

MC4 Multi-Core Programming with OSEK/VDX and AutoSAR

Programming real-time and multi-core systems, avoiding common pitfalls

formateur
Goals
  • Understand the specifics of programming multi-core processors
  • Master concurrent programming
    • on the same processor
    • on a multiprocessor system
  • Interactions with processor architecture features
    • Cache
    • Pipeline
    • I/O optimizations
    • Multicore and Hyperthreading
  • Understand the structure of a real time kernel
    • OSEK/VDX
    • Multicore Autosar
This course helps you master multitask and real-time programming, understanding how to effectively solve problems using the primitives provided by the underlying Operating System.
Course material
  • Linux PC for each group of 2 trainees
  • Embedded target board
  • Cross compiler toolchain and debugger
  • Course slides hardcopy
  • Labs manual hardcopy
Prerequisite
  • Good knowledge of embedded C programming
  • Basic understanding of processor architecture
Pedagogic strategy
  • The exercises focus on using the mechanisms available to solve traditional problems: Readers-writers, producer-consumer, the dining philosophers, ...
  • Each exercise includes a detailed explanation and a diagram which helps to understand how the algorithm works.
  • For each exercise there an almost complete code is provided, with parts to complete; this allows, after a phase of understanding of the provided code, to implement features that usually take hours to design.
  • The course includes optional exercises to deepen understanding.

First day
Tasks and scheduling in embedded systems
  • Tasks and task descriptors
  • Context switch
Exercise:  Write a context switch routine
  • Task scheduling and preemption
    • Tick based or tickless scheduling
  • Scheduling systems and schedulability proofs
    • Fixed priority scheduling
    • RMA and EDF scheduling
    • Adaptive scheduling
Exercise:  Write a simple, fixed priority, scheduler
Interrupt management in real time systems
  • Need for interrupts in a real time system
    • Time interrupts
    • Device interrupts
  • Level or Edge interrupts
  • Hardware and software acknowledge
  • Interrupt vectoring
Exercise:  Write a basic interrupt manager
  • Interrupts and scheduling
Exercise:  Extend the scheduler to also support real-time round-robin scheduling
Multicore interactions
  • Cache coherency
    • Snooping basics
    • Snoop Control Unit: cache-to-cache transfers
    • MOESI state machine
  • Memory Ordering and Coherency
    • ut-of-order accesses
    • Memory ordering
    • Memory barriers
    • DMA data coherency
  • Multicore data access
    • Read-Modify-Write instructions
    • Linked-Read/Conditional-Write
  • Multicore synchronization
    • Spinlocks
    • Inter-Processor Interrupts
Exercise:  Writing a spinlock implementation
Second day
Multicore scheduling
  • Multicore scheduling
    • Assigning interrupts to processors
    • Multi-core scheduling
  • Multicore optimization
    • Cache usage optimization
    • Avoiding false sharing
    • Avoiding cache spilling
Exercise:  Study of a multi-core scheduler
Synchronisation primitives
  • Waiting and waking up tasks
  • Semaphores
Exercise:  Implement Semaphores by direct interaction with the scheduler
  • Mutual exclusion
    • Spinlocks and interrupt masking
    • Mutexes or semaphores
Exercise:  Implement the mutex mechanism
    • Recursive and non-recursive mutexes
Exercise:  Check proper nesting of mutexes and recursive/non-recursive use
    • The priority inversion problem
    • Priority inheritance (the automagic answer)
    • Priority ceiling (the design centric answer)
Exercise:  Implement a priority ceiling mechanism
  • Mutexes and condition variables
Exercise:  Add Condition variable support to the mutex mechanism
  • Mailboxes
Third day
Avoiding sequencing problems
  • The various sequencing problems
    • Uncontrolled parallel access
Exercise:  The producre-consumer problem, illistrating (and avoiding) concurrent access problems
    • Deadlocks
    • Livelocks
    • Starvation
Exercise:  The philosophers dinner problem, illustrating (and avoiding) deadlock, livelock and starvation
Osek/VDX tasking architecture
  • Task management
    • Basic tasks
    • Extended tasks
    • Scheduling policies
    • Task activation and termination
  • Interrupt processing
  • Events
  • Resources
Autosar and Multicore programming
  • Autosar multicore architecture
  • Autosar Locatable Entities
  • Enhancements to the OSEK scheduling
  • Autosar spinlocks
  • The Inter OS-Application Communicator
  • Migrating Autosar application to multicore