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ac6 >> ac6-training >> Programming >> Languages >> Classic and Modern C++ for Embedded Systems

L30 Classic and Modern C++ for Embedded Systems

Objectives

Master the C++ language
Use C++ Template (generic code) in Embedded Systems
Master the C++ Advanced aspects such as polymorphism, single and multiple inheritances.
Learn to redefine the C++ operators for dynamic memory allocation in embedded applications
Manage C++ exceptions for Secure Embedded applications
Use C++ objects to handle serial transmission / reception of character strings
Discover the modern C++ features
Learn the language changes in C++11, C++14, C++17 and C++20
Discover the new functionalities added to the standard library
Learn advanced modern C++ features like perfect forwarding
Moving from traditional C++ to modern C++
Emphasizing the essential modern C++ features used in embedded application

Prerequisite

C programming skills (see our L2 - C language for Embedded MCUs course)

Course environment

Training manuals and software exercises
One PC for two trainees
One target board with ARM Cortex M4 microcontroller (STM32F)
Eclipse environment and GCC compiler

First Day

Introduction to C++ for industrial systems

Introduction to object oriented programming
History and definition
Overview on C++98/C++03/C++11/C++14/C++17/C++20
Modern C++ objectives
Switch from C to C++
Embedded C++
How to write optimized embedded code

Exercise:	Understand function mangling
Exercise:	Function inlining
Exercise:	Volatile variable handling

C++ and embedded systems

Object Oriented Programming in C++

Encapsulation
Classes and objects
Attributes and member functions
Object construction and destruction
Construction parameters
Copy constructor
Object composition and container
Scope qualifier operator

Exercise:	Declaring classes and methods
Exercise:	Working with default, copy and parameterized constructors
Exercise:	Understand the differences between composition and aggregation

Second Day

Operator Overloading

Optimizing parameter object passing
Overloading operators by member functions
Overloading operators by friend functions
Memory management operators overloading

Exercise:	The assignment operator
Exercise:	overloading operators

Simple Inheritance

Specialization by addition and substitution
Derivation and access rules
Construction during inheritance
Inheritance polymorphism
Virtual methods

Exercise:

Understand inheritance

Persistent and flashable objects

Constant and partially constant objects
Persistent objects
Flashable objects

Exercise:

Creating constant, mutable, persistent and ROMable objects

Enhancing security with exceptions

Launching, capturing and handling exceptions
Retriggering exception
Exceptions specifications
Handling unexpected exception
Exception objects of the C++ standard library

Exercise:	Handle errors using exceptions
Exercise:	Unexpected exceptions management

Third Day

C++ advanced techniques

Member pointers
Generic objects and templates

Classes and generic functions
Templates overloading
Specializing templates
STL (Standard Template Library)
Templates in embedded systems

Polymorphic objects
Virtual objects and abstract classes
Specializing objects by simple inheritance

Building derivate objects
Access control rules for inherited objects
Specializing objects by multiple inheritance
Conflicts resolution by scope operator
Virtual inheritance

Exercise:	Generic classes and functions
Exercise:	Understand virtual methods by subclassing a generic Device class
Exercise:	Understand multiple inheritance and virtual bases

Fourth Day

Introduction to modern C++

Overview
Storage class specifiers
Uniform initialization
C++ Named Requirements
Automatic type deduction

The auto keyword
The auto keyword as a return type from a function
Using auto for declaring function signatures
Automatic constant references
Forwarding references
Advantages of using auto in embedded systems

Exercise:

Using auto to declare variables

Keywords

Enum class
override and final
Inline variables
nullptr
static_assert
noexcept
constexpr and if constexpr
decltype
Defaulted and deleted functions

Implementing a thread-safe singleton

Exercise:	Using modern C++ keywords
Exercise:	Create a singleton using modern C++

New functionalities

Structured binding
Range-based for loops
Nested namespaces and namespace aliases
Alignment

Alignas
Alignof

Move semantics and r-value references

Copy-constructing and Move-constructing
r-value references
Perfect forwarding

Exercise:	Using the new for loop syntax
Exercise:	Using std::tuple
Exercise:	Move semantics performance advantages on embedded systems

Modern C++ Standard Library

Standard Library

std::optional
std::variant
std::any
std::byte
std::hash
Filesystem library

Literals

Cooked literals
Standard literal operators
Raw literals
Raw string literals

Random number generation

Random number generation engines
Random number generation distributors

Containers

std::array
std::forward_list
Unordered associative containers

Exercise:	Using the new elements added to the standard library
Exercise:	Using std::optional

Fifth Day

String Manipulation

New string Types

std::u16string
std::u32string

Basic string view
Converting between numeric and string types
Elementary string conversions
Input/output manipulators

std::get_money, std::put_money
std::get_time, std::put_time
std::quoted

Regular expressions

Format of a string
Parsing the content of a string
Replacing the content of a string

Exercise:

Using String class and String literals

Concurrency and Multithreading

Introduction
Thread
Atomic operations

Atomic features
Non-class functions
Atomic flag
Memory order

Mutex

Avoiding using recursive mutexes

Sending notifications between threads
Condition variables
Future and Promise
Task and Async
Modern C++ and RTOS

Exercise:

Blink synchronously 4 Leds

Lambda functions

Syntax of lambdas
Defining lambdas
Using lambdas

Using lambdas with standard algorithms
Assigning lambdas to function pointers
Lambdas and std::function
Writing a function that accepts a lambda as parameter

Polymorphic lambdas
Recursive lambdas

Exercise:	Understanding lambda
Exercise:	Using lambda to modify and display a vector

Dynamic memory management

Memory Management
Memory Errors
Smart Pointers

Raw Pointers
Automatic pointers
Unique Pointers
Shared Pointers
Weak Pointers

Exercise:	Override new and delete
Exercise:	Understanding unique and shared pointers

This course, designed for face-to-face delivery, can be provided either in our Paris training center or, worldwide, on your premises.
Scheduled classes are confirmed as soon as there is two confirmed bookings.

A version tailored for live online delivery is available under reference oL30 - Classic and Modern C++ for Embedded Systems

To book a training session or for more information, please contact us on info@ac6-training.com.

Registrations are accepted till one week before the start date for scheduled classes. For late registrations, please consult us.

You can also fill and send us the registration form

Last update of course schedule: 2 February 2022

Booking one of our trainings is subject to our General Terms of Sales

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